Thursday 30 November 2023

ChatGPT is marking one year since its creation. How much more do we know about AI now?

Extract from  ABC News

ABC News Homepage


It seems like years since OpenAI's chatbot ChatGPT entered our lives, however, today marks just one year since it was launched.  

The chatbot was released on November 30 last year, and has since changed the public's perception of Artificial Intelligence (AI). 

While most of us might be used to screaming at Apple's Siri or Amazon's Alexa to only have it respond "sorry, I didn't get that", ChatGPT and other competing AI bots have made communicating with AI feel more like having a conversation between two adults. 

So, what lessons have we learned as AI technology becomes a larger part of our lives? 

ChatGPT celebrates one-year milestone of conversational excellence

The following section and above headline was written by ChatGPT

In a testament to the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, marks its one-year anniversary today. Launched with the aim of revolutionising natural language understanding and generation, ChatGPT has become a ubiquitous presence in online conversations.

Over the past year, millions of users worldwide have engaged with ChatGPT, seeking information, assistance, and even a friendly chat. The model's versatility has allowed it to transcend casual conversations, finding applications in content creation, learning assistance, and professional writing support. Users have praised its ability to generate creative ideas, assist with coding challenges, and provide companionship through dynamic interactions.

OpenAI's commitment to continuous improvement is evident in the model's journey. With a robust feedback loop, users have played a pivotal role in refining ChatGPT, contributing to updates that enhance its performance and address limitations. As ChatGPT turns one, it stands as a testament to the collaborative efforts between developers and users in shaping the future of conversational AI.

Looking ahead, OpenAI expresses excitement about the potential growth and applications of ChatGPT in diverse fields. The one-year milestone is not just a celebration but a stepping stone toward a future where natural language processing continues to enrich and redefine human-machine interactions. Cheers to a year of conversations, learning, and the evolving landscape of AI!

What lessons have been learned?

Speaking to ABC Radio Melbourne's Conversation Hour, futurist Mark Pesce told the program he had never seen any other piece of technology grow so quickly and broadly. 

ChatGPT has turned one, have you used it yet?

"Three billion people now have access to either ChatGPT or Copilot or to Bard, who are the big three chat AI bots," he said. 

And for those who have accessed the bots, the uses vary from speech writing, to creating recipes, to writing poems or just plain entertainment. 

Other uses range from summarising large documents, creating lessons plans, assisting in the medical field and even generating macros to place more informed sports bets.  

Mr Pesce said the past year has largely been about learning how to use these bots safely and wisely. 

"When you get close to these systems you realise they are really good at sounding really reasonable, but there is no internal sense of true or false," he told the program. 

"We can enjoy them, we can entertain ourselves with them but we have to be very careful using them in critically important situations."

When AI is misused

Despite having only existed for 12 months, ChatGPT has proven to be no stranger to controversy.

Early on, following its creation, it was already causing issues in the classroom, with some students using the chatbot to complete homework or assignments.

The technology can be very hard to detect. Three states have already banned ChatGPT in public schools.

A number of universities earlier this year told a Senate inquiry they would have to change how they teach – because it’s becoming impossible to stop students using AI.

It’s not just students, either.

Laptop on desk with chatGPT displayed on screen
Some people are using AI for more sinister purposes. (ABC Gold Coast: Dominic Cansdale)

A New York-based lawyer found himself in strife after he used ChatGPT to do research for a personal injury case and it provided fake citations.

More recently, magazine Sports Illustrated has been accused of using AI to create fake journalist profiles and fake articles.

In more sinister uses, some people are using AI for scams while others are creating deepfake child abuse material.  There have been calls for the Australian government to better regulate AI for these reasons. 

OpenAI itself has also faced criticism in the past.

A law and technology expert at the University of Western Australia (UWA), Julia Powles, told the ABC in January an investigation into the company found it employed workers in Kenya for $2 an hour to weed out the most abhorrent and sensitive content on the internet from the tool.

Workers reportedly had to sift through sexually explicit, racist, and offensive content for hours a day, with many saying they experienced long-term mental health effects and PTSD from the work.

"Also, what does it mean for the sustenance of our creators and writers, if their works can be taken for free without compensation and consent and regurgitated in a model like this?" Dr Powles said.

And as shown above, ChatGPT can be very self-gratifying when asked about itself. 

How does ChatGPT feel about the anniversary? 

We asked ChatGPT how it was feeling about its birthday — it told us it doesn't have feelings

You: Hi there! You're about to turn one year old — happy birthday!

ChatGPT: Hello! Thank you for the well wishes, but I should clarify that I don't have a birthday or age. I'm a machine learning model created by OpenAI called GPT-3, and I don't have personal experiences or a lifespan. However, I'm here to assist you with any questions or information you may need! How can I help you today?

You: How do you feel about turning one?

ChatGPT: I appreciate the sentiment, but it's important to remember that I don't have feelings or personal experiences.

You: How have you changed as a system over the course of the last year?

ChatGPT: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, I don't have the ability to be aware of the passage of time or changes to my system. However, I can tell you that I don't evolve or change on my own. Any updates or improvements would be the result of work done by the developers and researchers at OpenAI. They may release new versions of the model, implement improvements, or fine-tune the system based on user feedback.

If there have been updates or changes since my last update, I wouldn't be aware of them. If you have specific questions or if there are specific areas you're curious about, feel free to ask, and I'll do my best to help with the information available to me!

Four photos in a grid each showing a different robot in front of a birthday cake
An AI generated image of ChatGPT seems to have a better grasp on birthdays than ChatGPT itself. (imagine.art)

You: Is it important for people to know you don't have thoughts or feelings?

ChatGPT: Yes, it's important for users to be aware that I, as a machine learning model, do not have thoughts, feelings, consciousness, or self-awareness. I don't have personal experiences, opinions, or emotions. Users should approach interactions with me understanding that I operate based on patterns and information present in the data on which I was trained.

This distinction is crucial because attributing human-like qualities or emotions to me can lead to misunderstandings. It's always advisable for users to critically evaluate the information provided and not interpret it as having personal intent or sentiment. If users have any concerns or specific questions about the capabilities and limitations of the model, I'm here to help clarify.

You: So are you designed to be such a buzzkill?

ChatGPT: I'm here to provide accurate information and assist with your questions to the best of my ability. If my responses seem straightforward or lack emotional elements, it's because I don't possess emotions, consciousness, or personal experiences. My goal is to offer helpful and factual information. If there's a specific way you'd like me to assist you or if you have a different type of question in mind, feel free to let me know!

You: There's no point saying thank you to you, is there?

ChatGPT: While I don't have feelings or a consciousness to experience gratitude, expressing thanks is a common social convention, and you are welcome to do so if you find it appropriate.

What is next?

One of the most recent controversies with ChatGPT was the firing and re-hiring of OpenAI CEO Sam Altman.

At the time, OpenAI said Mr Altman was fired because he was "not consistently candid in his communications with the board." 

However, there was speculation around a project called Q* (pronounced Q-Star) which, according to Reuters, some at OpenAI believe could be a breakthrough in the startup's search for what's known as artificial general intelligence (AGI) — that being autonomous systems that can perform tasks in a more economically valuable way than humans. 

However, AI bots are still learning, and they're not perfect. 

Most AI bots work by predicting what is the next most plausible word, but sometimes this means they will come up with falsehoods.  It could be some time before they are considered completely reliable.

But with Bloomberg reporting the AI generative industry to be worth $1.3 trillion over the next 10 years, ChatGPT and all its fellow bots will not be going anywhere any time soon. 

ChatGPT: The future of AI holds immense promise, with advancements expected in areas such as enhanced machine learning algorithms, improved natural language processing, increased automation across industries, and the potential for AI to contribute to solving complex global challenges. However, ethical considerations, responsible development, and addressing societal impact will be critical in shaping a positive and sustainable trajectory for AI.

In the city of Tulkarem, a young militant's death has left his mother 'full of pride'

 Extract from ABC News

Samah Shehadeh shrugs and speaks matter-of-factly when talking about her dead son.

"I'm proud. I'm full of pride that my son is following that path, thank God," she says.

"But parting is tough. Parting is tough."

Israel Defense Force (IDF) soldiers shot and killed Jihad Eshhada in the West Bank city of Tulkarem on November 6.

As a militant leader in the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade, the 24-year-old had a target on his back, though the specifics of his alleged activities are not publicly known. 

Video of the operation, which took place in the afternoon, shows several special forces soldiers ambushing Jihad's car in a refugee camp in the city.

The squad fired multiple rounds into the vehicle. Israel says a Hamas commander was in there too, and killed.

Two posters on a wall featuring men smiling, and carrying guns
Posters of militants adorn the walls of buildings in Tulkarem.(ABC News: West Matteeussen)
A wall with bullet holes in it
Violence has been increasing in the city of Tulkarem.(ABC News: West Matteeussen)

Raids like this have fuelled resentment in the city, and, since the Hamas-Israel war began last month, violence in the West Bank is at its highest levels in decades.

As the situation deteriorates, support for Hamas has increased here.

According to United Nations figures, about 200 Palestinians have been killed by the IDF or settlers in the territory since October 7.

It's estimated 50 of those have been in the Tulkarem district, including 26 in the densely populated refugee camp.

Meanwhile, the UN says four Israelis have been killed by Palestinians in the West Bank — one of them in Tulkarem.

Samah says she'd be happy if her youngest son, four-year-old Bilal, became a militant.

"That's how the Palestinian people are. Each home offers two or three martyrs. We're used to this," she says.

 A young boy leaning against a wall
Bilal Mehraj Eshhada's older brother was a militant in the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade.(ABC News: West Matteeussen)
A large number of people, including some waving green flags, near a bus at night
There were plenty of Hamas flags when Palestinian prisoners were released in Ramallah at the weekend.(Reuters: Ammar Awad)

The fighters here are from Fatah, Hamas’s rival and the ruling power in the West Bank.

But in the past few weeks, the militant group's green flags have been a common sight at anti-occupation demonstrations and street parties sparked by the release of prisoners as part of a ceasefire deal — a nightly occurrence since last Friday.

"They put maybe 300 bullets in his car," says Jihad's uncle Nouraldein Ibrahim Eshhada, describing his nephew as a "freedom fighter".

"He wanted freedom for his people."

The IDF labels him a terrorist.

It says groups like the al-Aqsa Brigade — which is designated as a terrorist organisation by the European Union and United States — have been attacking its troops and are planning more violence.

"At the same time we're dealing with places that have a lack of governance. And those same groups are trying to turn these places into terror enclaves," IDF spokesman Adir Bonito said.

The Al-Aqsa Brigade has, over the past 20 years, killed dozens of people in attacks across Israel and the West Bank.

A man looking at the camera, and leaning against a wall
Nouraldein Ibrahim Eshhada in Tulkarem, in the West Bank, on November 27, 2023.(ABC News: West Matteeussen)
Four young boys holding toy guns and sitting in a ruined building, smiling at the camera
Young boys in the West Bank city of Tulkarem on November 27, 2023.(ABC News: West Matteeussen)

A November 14 poll by the West Bank-based Arab World for Research and Development claimed 87.7 per cent of people in that territory had a positive view of Hamas.

The sample size was 668 people across Gaza and the West Bank.

Hamas militants attacked Israel on October 7, killing an estimated 1,200 people and taking another 240 hostage.

The poll claimed 59.3 per cent of respondents in both Gaza and the West Bank supported the attack strongly, with a further 15.7 per cent of people supporting it somewhat.

The al-Aqsa Brigade associates itself with the Fatah party, Hamas's rival, but Samah says she's proud of what both organisations are doing.

"Yes, of course. Of course. Why shouldn't we be proud?"

Two local men accused of helping the Israeli hit squad that killed Jihad, were murdered, their deaths celebrated by a mob.

Their bodies were displayed on the street — something seldom seen in the West Bank since the Second Intifada, which began in 2000.

It's a sign of how much anger there is here.

Two young boys sitting in a large hole in an exterior wall of a building. A bed can be seen in the room behind them
Violent clashes have left their mark on the city of Tulkarem.(ABC News: West Matteeussen)
A young boy sitting in a window, behind protective bars.
Tulkarem is in the West Bank's north, near the border with Israel.(ABC News: West Matteeussen)

The IDF's raids have enraged many in Tulkarem.

Buildings show the scars of gunfights and larger explosions.

Ahmad Mohammed Jayyousi's shop was destroyed when an IDF bulldozer ripped the front off it.

Meanwhile, a digger the IDF says was used to clear mines has damaged sewerage pipes.

"Hamas defends us and defends our land. We are happy [about that]," Ahmad says.

"Whatever happens, we are steadfast and we are with the resistance and there's nothing that will weaken our resolve and shake our steadfastness."

A man leaning on a counter looks at the camera.
Ahmad Mohammed Jayyousi's shop in Tulkarem was damaged by the IDF.(ABC News: West Matteeussen)
A young girl, seen from a distance, walking on a damaged street.
Around 50 Palestinians have been killed in clashes in Tulkarem since the war began.(ABC News: West Matteeussen)

Nouraldein says the waving of Hamas flags in the street is a new thing for those in Tulkarem.

He says the organisation is "part of the Palestinian system", but he's not sure if people in the West Bank are actually behind it.

"The people here are not supporting Hamas, the people are against the occupation.

"They want freedom. They support people in Gaza."

West Bank cities like Tulkarem are already on edge, but with the war in Gaza likely about to resume they're bound to get even more dangerous.

Israel and Hamas are at war. Here's what they're fighting about

Chris Bowen warns global heating will fuel political instability in annual climate statement.

 Extract from The Guardian

Australian energy minister Chris Bowen speaks in parliament

Chris Bowen will tell parliament that climate change presents ‘serious risks’ to Australia and an ‘existential national security risk to our Pacific partners’.

Parliament to hear increased ‘fragility’ of energy networks ‘could be used by hostile actors’ amid existential national security risk to Pacific neighbours.

Thu 30 Nov 2023 01.00 AEDTLast modified on Thu 30 Nov 2023 01.04 AEDT
The climate change minister, Chris Bowen, will declare runaway global heating remains a national security threat and predict that countries vulnerable to sea level rise will look to Australia to provide “mobility with dignity” as the climate crisis deepens.

Bowen will tell parliament on Thursday that extreme weather events caused by climate change will also place increased strain on Australia’s energy networks, warning “this fragility could be used by hostile actors”.

The government has refused to release a secret report from the Office of National Intelligence on how the climate crisis will fuel national security threats. But Bowen will highlight national and regional security risks in his annual climate statement on Thursday, arguing it will help fuel further global “political instability”.

The Albanese government is required under legislation to make a statement to parliament about progress towards achieving Australia’s emissions reduction targets, and also report on relevant international developments.

An independent assessment of progress by the Climate Change Authority will also be tabled in parliament on Thursday, as will updated emissions projections covering its first full year in office. A snapshot of emissions projections released by Bowen last weekend suggests Australia will likely cut its CO2 pollution to 42% below 2005 levels by 2030 – which is nearly in line with the government’s 43% reduction target.

Bowen will tell parliament on Thursday climate change presents “serious risks” to Australia and poses an “existential national security risk to our Pacific partners”. The minister will note security risks intensify “the further warming targets are exceeded”.

Bowen will warn the relationship between the level of warming and the security threats faced is not linear because threats “compound and expand exponentially the hotter the planet becomes”. Climate change will likely “accentuate economic factors already fuelling political instability, including risks to water insecurity across the globe”.

The accompanying report to parliament prepared by Bowen’s department warns that allowing warming beyond existing targets “could cross as‐yet‐unseen thresholds and trigger abrupt, cascading impacts” such as the destabilisation of ice sheets leading to rising sea levels and melting permafrost releasing massive amounts of CO2 and methane far exceeding global greenhouse gas budgets.

It says climate change is “likely to worsen global problems caused by rapid population growth, corruption, poor governance, weak infrastructure and conflict … [and] likely drive migration and displacement both within Australia and in many regional states, increasing the risk of ethnic or sectarian tensions or conflict over scarce land or water resources”.

It notes nations most vulnerable to sea level rise will “likely to look to Australia and other countries for closer economic integration, including through migration and expanded labour schemes” – which Bowen categorises as “mobility with dignity”, citing Australia’s recent landmark agreement with Tuvalu offering residency to people affected by climate change.

Bowen will tell parliament the risks to national security “adds to the need for strong action this decade, and reinforces the importance of our domestic transformation and international engagement”.

In a reference to the partisan pushback against the government’s strategy for the net zero transition by the Liberal and National parties, Bowen will say Australia “will not sit on its hands, pause the transformation and expect to deploy speculative solutions in 2049 to address a climate emergency that is with us now”.

While the Coalition is criticising Labor’s agenda to add more renewables to the grid and roll out more transmission infrastructure as part of the net zero transition, the Greens and environmental groups have criticised Labor’s approval of more coal and gas projects.

An analysis commissioned by the Australian Conservation Foundation suggests total emissions resulting from fossil fuel export projects up for approval under the Albanese government could be significantly greater than the emissions reduction within Australia by 2030.

Bowen will travel next week to the United Arab Emirates to attend UN-led climate talks. Ahead of Cop28, Bowen has argued Pacific nations and other countries vulnerable to climate catastrophe should be the major beneficiaries of “loss and damage” funding, and a broader range of countries should bankroll the international effort along with the private sector.