Extract from ABC News
John Clarke, Michel H Devoret and John M. Martinis were announced as this year's Nobel Prize winners in Physics. (TT News Agency/Christine Olsson via Reuters)
In short:
Scientists John Clarke, Michel Devoret and John Martinis have won the Nobel Prize in Physics for research into quantum mechanical tunnelling.
All three winners are based in the United States.
What's next?
The winners of the Nobel prizes for chemistry, literacy and peace will be announced later this week.
Scientists John Clarke, Michel Devoret and John Martinis have won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics for "the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit", the award-giving body has announced.
"This year's Nobel Prize in Physics has provided opportunities for developing the next generation of quantum technology, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors," the prize-awarding body said in a statement.
All three winners are based in the United States.
The Nobel physics prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and includes a prize sum totalling 11 million Swedish crowns ($1.7 million) that is shared among the winners if there are several, as is often the case.
The Nobel Prizes were established through the will of Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. (Reuters: Tom Little)
The Nobel Prizes were established through the will of Alfred Nobel, who amassed a fortune from his invention of dynamite.
Since 1901, with occasional interruptions, the prizes have annually recognised achievements in science, literature, and peace. Economics was a later addition.
Physics was the first category mentioned in Nobel's will, likely reflecting the prominence of the field during his time.
Today, the Nobel Prize in Physics remains widely regarded as the most prestigious award in the discipline.
Past winners of the Nobel physics prize include some of the most influential figures in the history of science, such as Albert Einstein, Pierre and Marie Curie, Max Planck and Niels Bohr, a pioneer of quantum theory.
Last year's prize was won by US scientist John Hopfield and British-Canadian Geoffrey Hinton for breakthroughs in machine learning that spurred the artificial intelligence boom, a development about which both have also expressed concerns.
Scientist off-grid for announcement
On Monday, scientists Fred Ramsdell, Mary Brunkow and Shimon Sakaguchi won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work shedding light on how the immune system spares healthy cells.
But the Nobel Assembly could not reach Mr Ramsdell as he was on a camping and hiking trip with his wife.
"They were still in the wild and there are plenty of grizzly bears there, so he was quite worried when she let out a yell," Thomas Perlmann, Secretary-General of the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute said.
"Fortunately, it was the Nobel Prize. He was very happy and elated and had not expected the prize at all."
The chemistry prize is due next, on Wednesday.
The science, literature and economics prizes are presented to the laureates by the Swedish king at a ceremony in Stockholm on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death, followed by a lavish banquet at city hall.
The peace prize, which will be announced on Friday, is awarded in a separate ceremony in Oslo.
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