Extract from ABC News
A scorching hot world where metal clouds rain drops of titanium has been designated as the most reflective planet ever observed outside of our Solar System by astronomers.
Key points:
- The side of exoplanet LTT9779b facing its star reaches 2,000 degrees Celsius
- This helps it form metallic clouds that act like a shield and reflects 80 per cent of light
- Scientists say this also prevents its atmosphere from being blown away, defying the odds
This strange world, which is more than 260 light years from Earth, reflects 80 per cent of the light from its host star, according to new observations from Europe's exoplanet-probing Cheops space telescope.
That makes it the first exoplanet comparably as shiny as Venus, which is the brightest object in our night sky other than the Moon.
First discovered in 2020, the Neptune-sized planet called LTT9779b orbits its star in just 19 hours.
Because it is so close, the side of the planet facing its star is a sizzling 2,000 degrees Celsius, which is considered far too hot for clouds to form.
Yet LTT9779b seems to have them.
"It was really a puzzle," said Vivien Parmentier, a researcher at France's Cote d'Azur Observatory and co-author of a new study in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.
The researchers then "realised we should think about this cloud formation in the same way as condensation forming in a bathroom after a hot shower," he said in a statement.
Like running hot water steams up a bathroom, a scorching stream of metal and silicate — the mineral of which glass is made — oversaturated LTT9779b's atmosphere until metallic clouds formed, he said.
These clouds "act like a mirror," reflecting away light, according to the European Space Agency's Cheops project scientist Maximilian Guenther.
Surviving 'Neptune desert'
The planet, which is around five times the size of Earth, is an outlier in other ways.
The only exoplanets previously found that orbit their stars in less than 24 hours are either gas giants 10 times bigger than Earth — or rocky planets half its size.
But LTT9779b lives in a region called the "Neptune desert", where planets its size are not supposed to be found.
"It's a planet that shouldn't exist," Mr Parmentier said.
"We expect planets like this to have their atmosphere blown away by their star, leaving behind bare rock."
Mr Guenther added that the planet's metallic clouds prevent the atmosphere from being blown away.
"It's a bit like a shield, like in those old Star Trek films where they have shields around their ships," he said.
The research marks "a big milestone" because it shows how a Neptune-sized planet could survive in the Neptune desert, he added.
The European Space Agency's Cheops space telescope was launched into Earth's orbit in 2019 on a mission to investigate planets discovered outside our Solar System.
It measured the reflectiveness of LTT9779b by comparing the light before and after the exoplanet disappeared behind its star.
AFP
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