Monday, 30 June 2025

Trump calls for hostage 'deal' in Gaza as Israel intensifies assault.

 Extract from ABC News

Palestinian women mourning and crying out the front of a hospital.

Mourners were seen at the Nasser Hospital in Khan Younis after a strike on a tent which killed five people. (Reuters: Hatem Khaled)

In short:

At least 23 people were killed by Israeli gunfire and strikes in Gaza on Sunday, as Israel warns residents to leave some areas of the enclave's north.

US President Donald Trump has taken to social media to call for a deal to be reached to secure the release of Israeli hostages kidnapped on October 7, 2023.

Qatar and Egypt, backed by the US, are seeking to capitalise on the recent ceasefire between Israel and Iran to secure a similar agreement in Gaza.

Israel's military has issued fresh evacuation notices for parts of Gaza, heralding a new operation in the Palestinian enclave against Hamas, as it carried out further strikes on Sunday.

It came as US President Donald Trump called for Israel and Hamas to "make a deal" in Gaza to see the return of remaining hostages kidnapped by Hamas after the October 7, 2023 terrorist attacks.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu later said the ceasefire between Israel and Iran created "opportunities" for the release of hostages in Gaza.

Israel has been conducting a campaign in Gaza since Hamas's attack, which killed more than 1,200 people in Israel and took a further 251 hostage.

Since October 7, 2023, Israel's military assault in Gaza has killed more than 56,000 Palestinians, according to the Gaza health ministry, displaced almost the entire 2.3 million population and plunged the enclave into a humanitarian crisis.

Gaza's civil defence agency, which is run by militant group Hamas, said Israeli air strikes and gunfire killed 23 people in the war-ravaged Palestinian territory on Sunday, including at least three children.

A large plume of smoke seen after an air strike in Gaza.

Israel carried out further air strikes on Gaza City on Sunday. (Reuters: Mahmoud Issa)

The Israeli military told news agency AFP it was not able to comment on the reported incidents but said it was fighting "to dismantle Hamas military capabilities".

In a statement posted on X and text messages sent to many residents, Israel's military urged people in northern parts of the enclave to head south towards the city of Khan Younis, which Israel designated as a humanitarian area.

"The [Israel] Defense Forces is operating with extreme force in these areas, and these military operations will escalate, intensify, and extend westward to the city centre to destroy the capabilities of terrorist organisations," the military said.

The evacuation order covered the Jabalia area and most Gaza City districts. 

'End this occupation'

Medics and residents said the Israeli army's bombardments escalated in the early hours in Jabalia, destroying several houses and killing at least six people.

In Khan Younis in the south, five people were killed in an air strike on a tent encampment near Mawasi, medics said.

At least 12 other people were killed in separate Israeli military strikes and gunfire across the enclave, taking Sunday's death toll to at least 23, medics said.

At Nasser Hospital in Khan Younis, relatives arrived to pay their respects to white-shrouded bodies before they were buried.

"A month ago, they [Israel] told us to go to Al-Mawasi [in Khan Younis] and we stayed there for a month, it is a safe zone," Zeyad Abu Marouf said. 

He said three of his children were killed and a fourth was wounded in the Israeli air strike.

"We ask God and the Arabs to move and end this occupation and the injustice taking place against us," Abu Marouf told Reuters.

Israel's military also said in a statement that a 20-year-old soldier was killed "during combat in the northern Gaza Strip".

Ceasefire push

Amid the ongoing fighting, there has been a renewed diplomatic push to bring an end to violence in Gaza.

Mediating countries such as Egypt, Qatar and the US have been attempting to capitalise on the ceasefire between Israel and Iran to find a similar breakthrough in Gaza.

A protester dressed as Donald Trump holding a baby doll with the face of Benjamin Netanyahu

Demonstrators took to the streets of Tel Aviv on Sunday urging Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu to reach a deal. (Reuters: Florion Goga)

On Sunday, US President Donald Trump joined the ranks of those calling for a diplomatic end to the war.

"Make the deal in Gaza, get the hostages back," Mr Trump posted on Truth Social.

Later on Sunday, Mr Netanyahu said his country's "victory" over Iran in their 12-day war had created "opportunities", including for freeing Israeli hostages held in Gaza.

"Many opportunities have opened up now following this victory. First of all, to rescue the hostages,"
the Israeli prime minister said.

"Of course, we will also have to solve the Gaza issue, to defeat Hamas, but I estimate that we will achieve both goals."

Hamas has said it was willing to free remaining hostages in Gaza, 20 of whom are believed to still be alive, only in a deal that will end the war. 

The Israeli government has maintained it can only end the war if Hamas is disarmed and dismantled. Hamas refuses to lay down its arms.

Arab mediators Egypt and Qatar, backed by the United States, are pushing a new ceasefire effort to halt the 20-month-old conflict and secure the release of Israeli and foreign hostages still being held by Hamas.

Reuters/AFP

Three months on from 'Liberation Day', Donald Trump's trade war is punishing US businesses.

 Extract from ABC News

Farmer John Ashe's dealt with drought. He's dealt with hurricanes.

But what he saw the US president announce on TV left him speechless.

"I just shook my head. My wife was shaking her head, and I was thinking, what's next?" he says.

Almost 90 days ago, Donald Trump shocked the world when he announced his so-called reciprocal tariffs on more than 180 countries and territories.

Designed to punish foreign nations who ran trade deficits with the US, the tariffs have instead put much of Trump's heartland in the crosshairs.

In Austin, Texas, toy manufacturer Molson Hart, watched as President Trump brandished a game show-like list of tariffed countries.

"When I first saw that sign, I wasn't sure if it was real. It was just unbelievable. People weren't expecting those kinds of numbers," he says.

A man looks at a computer on a desk in a warehouse. On a shelf nearby are toys.

Texas toy manufacturer Molson Hart is scrambling to move production out of China. (Four Corners: Ryan Sheridan)

Since President Trump's inauguration he has announced more than 50 new or revised tariffs, including pauses, backdowns, escalations and de-escalations.

Business owners and workers across the US are reeling from the chaos and confusion unleashed by Trump's trade policy.

And with only days to go until a temporary pause on the highest "reciprocal" tariffs is due to be lifted, there are fears about what comes next.

'You cannot take a chainsaw and do surgery'

John Ashe's family has been farming in North Carolina across four generations.

"Not many families can say this, Black families that is, but we've been here for over a hundred years.

"My great-grandfather, my grandfather on both sides, and my father, were all farmers."

A man stands, his hands on his hips, in the middle of a field of a farm. A tractor is passing him.

The uncertainty around price means Mr Ashe is planting fewer soybeans than he normally would. (Four Corners: Ryan Sheridan)

Mr Ashe, who exports around 40-45 per cent of his soybean crop to China, watched on in horror as the president lit the fuse on a trade war that saw the US impose 145 per cent tariffs on Chinese imports and China retaliate with 125 per cent tariffs.

"Honestly, I cannot understand it. I have not heard anybody from that administration that could tell me anything that makes any sense of what he's causing," Mr Ashe says.

"You cannot take a chainsaw and do surgery."

When Four Corners visited Mr Ashe's farm, the trade war was at its peak, and he was planting his first soybean crop of the season.

"I'm going to plant about 50 per cent less than I would normally because I don't know what the price is going to be. I don't want to take the risk of putting even more out there," he says.

US soybean exports to China are worth around $US13 billion ($19.9 billion) a year. After Donald Trump brought in tariffs on China during his first term, and China retaliated, Brazil overtook the US as the world's largest soy producer.

Mr Ashe is worried these lucrative markets for US farmers will continue to evaporate.

"I'm concerned that they're going find other places around the world that can fulfil their needs," he says.

"Sometimes, you find another grocery store you like, and you don't go to your old grocery store anymore."

A man crouches and touches the dirt of a field of his farm. His back is to the camera.

Mr Ashe is worried US farmers will lose lucrative markets in China. (Four Corners: Ryan Sheridan)

Mr Ashe has watched over the last few months as the tariffs have gone up and down. US tariffs on China are currently at 30 per cent, while Chinese tariffs on US imports sit at 10 per cent.

The uncertainty makes it difficult to plan what crops to sow.

"I've never seen anything like this before. It just seems like it changes from lunchtime to the six o'clock news," he says.

Toying with trade

When Donald Trump ignited his trade war with China, Molson Hart started scrambling.

He needed to find factories outside of China to make toys before he ran out of stock.

"It's enormously difficult," he says.

"It takes six months to a year to properly move production depending on what you're making. In some cases, it's not even possible to do."

The 38-year-old's company, Viahart, makes plush animals and a construction toy called Brain Flakes.

A man wearing a hi vis vest standing in a warehouse holds a building blocks toy.

Mr Hart has been in the manufacturing industry for 15 years. (Four Corners: Ryan Sheridan)

When the highest tariffs on China were paused, Mr Hart was able to re-order more stock for his Texas warehouse, but he is still looking to shift production to South-East Asia.

Mr Hart says the ongoing uncertainty around Trump's trade policy has eroded business confidence across the country.

"We don't know if it will be high tariffs, low tariffs or something in between," he says.

"All these importers need to get that extra money to pay the tariffs and when there's less money to go around for things, confidence in business in general declines."

The US Toy Association says nearly 80 per cent of toys sold in the US are made in China, and the industry is predicting price rises, supply shortages and bankruptcies.

Mr Hart described Trump's trade policy as "probably the worst economic policy I've ever seen" and says he does not think it will meet its stated aim of bringing back American manufacturing.

A man stands looking at the camera. Behind him is the interior of a large warehouse.

Mr Hart is considering moving production from China to South-East Asia. (Four Corners: Ryan Sheridan)

"We need to have a plan. For example, if our goal is to make things in America, 'This is what the timeline is, and this is how we're going to achieve it, and we're going to be doing it in these industries'.

"We can't adapt our businesses to this crazy uncertainty."

Mr Hart understands trade with China better than most. He has worked in Chinese factories and his products are made there. He speaks Mandarin and has been in the manufacturing industry for 15 years.

He says even if the policies managed to bring manufacturing back to the US, it's unclear if the labour force is there to do the work.

"I work with some fantastic people in the United States, but it will take some training and some time and possibly some sort of mental adjustment period for Americans to start doing some of the jobs that are done in China. They're really hard," he says.

Made in America

Dan Turner has voted Republican since the Reagan years and supports Donald Trump's goal of reviving the US manufacturing industry.

"It's really a staple of civilisation. I think that we need to make things," he says.

A man in a button up shirt leans against a bench. Behind him is a workshop. He has a neutral expresion.

Donald Trump's tariffs have done no favours to Dan Turner's hydraulics company. (Four Corners: Ryan Sheridan)

In his workshop in Carlilse, Pennsylvania, Mr Turner employs around 40 staff who design, install and repair hydraulic components.

Turner Hydraulics began in the backyard of his parents' home in 1978 when around 20 per cent of American workers were employed in manufacturing. That figure has now plummeted to around 8 per cent.

"I like seeing my employees being able to get ahead. I believe in that and that's why I think small business is the backbone of America," he says.

But so far, Donald Trump's tariffs have done no favours to Turner Hydraulics.

A man looking down in a workshop uses a tool on a piece of metal sending sparks flying.

Many US manufacturing businesses rely on importing components from China. (Four Corners: Ryan Sheridan)

In January, before the tariffs were introduced Mr Turner ordered a hydraulic component from China worth $US48,000.

By the time the product was on the water heading to the US, Mr Trump's tariffs meant the part would cost him around $US130,000.

"The tariff total was going to be 170 per cent, which was around $US82,000 up from the $US12,000 that we had planned on.

"To suck $US70,000 out of a business, with no good reason is very detrimental."

Like many other small business owners relying on parts from China, Mr Turner would have preferred a transition period rather than the chaotic announcement and escalation, particularly given he works in the industry President Trump says he's seeking to protect.

"As a manufacturer, it would've been nice to have been told that here's the sequence of events and you have this many months before tariffs are going to increase.

"I know I'm just a small part of this whole puzzle. There are companies that are potentially getting hit with millions of dollars of tariffs," he says.

Big problems for small business

Ed Brzytwa is the vice president of international trade at the Consumer Technology Association (CTA) which represents over 1,200 technology and innovation companies in North America.

He says small businesses are disproportionately impacted by tariffs.

"When you put tariffs on imports, whether it's on the finished goods or on the raw material or on the input, all you're doing is disrupting supply chains and making things more expensive," Mr Brzytwa says.

"Printed circuit boards are one input that you need to make certain finished goods in the United States, and that component is almost entirely made in China.

"[CTA members] are reliant on international trade to survive. If you want to make an innovative product for the very competitive US marketplace, you need to have access to affordable inputs.

"A tariff is not a plan to re-shore manufacturing."
An American flag flying in front of stacks of shipping containers at a port.

US ports are seeing fewer items being imported from China due to the tariffs. (Reuters: Mike Blake)

In mid-May the chaos of Trump's trade policy suddenly improved things for Dan Turner's business.

"We just found out this morning that the tariff will be 55 per cent, which is a lot better than 170 per cent," he says.

It meant that the tariff he would pay on his $US48,000 component had fallen to around $US27,000 — far less than the estimated $US82,000 he had been expecting. Had the part arrived just two days earlier, he would have been stung with the 170 per cent tariff.

Despite the changes, Mr Turner remains nervous about ordering any more parts from China.

"We are on hold with ordering anything from China and with investing in finding alternative routes. We will research it, but we won't be making any investment into it," he says.

So how long will this uncertainty hover over his business for?

"Maybe another three and a half years?" he laughs.

'It makes me want to cry'

Trump's trade war with China has deeply impacted the industries built around the nation's once thriving ports.

Mark Nieves is truck driver who transports goods from the docks of New York, New Jersey and Philadelphia.

"I am a third-generation trucker, what we call a pier rat. I love this industry, it runs in my blood," he says.

A man sits in a booth at a diner, holding a coffee cup. He is looking ahead with a contemplative expression.

Truck driver Mark Nieves is working less due to fewer imports arriving from overseas. (Four Corners: Ryan Sheridan)

As supply lines from China have dried up, truck drivers like Mark have watched their pay-packets diminish. 

"The tariffs have caused me to work one day a week, two days a week, robbing from Peter to pay Paul," Mr Nieves says. 

"It makes me want to cry sometimes. I'm angry, I'm troubled. I just think we can do better as a country."

Mr Nieves has worked in transport for more than 40 years, including in safety, supply chain, operations management and truck driving. 

He is the president and founder of the United Drayage Drivers Association. He says deregulation has already made the industry tough and the tariffs have made it even worse. 

As Four Corners rode in his truck near the port of New York in mid-May, he pointed to rows and rows of empty containers. 

"These are empties that have come back to the port without a destination. Usually you see a full pier, full of containers and now you see a full yard, full of empties side by side," he says. 

A man sits in the left-side driver's seat of a large truck. Outside shipping containers can be seen.

Mark Nieves is frustrated watching his industry suffer because of the tariffs. (Four Corners: Ryan Sheridan)

There are more than 3.5 million truck drivers in the US and many of them voted for Donald Trump in the 2024 election.

Mr Nieves was unimpressed by the US president's response when he was asked about the impact his tariffs had on dock workers and truck drivers at a media conference.

"I saw his interview with the news media and how they asked him, 'Hey, truckers in the ports are really struggling, right?' And his response was 'good, at least China's not stealing from us'.

"It's not about China, it's about us. [I felt] very sad that an American president would let the country collapse from within itself, only because he wants to prove a point."

Mr Nieves is running as a Republican candidate for the Union County Commission in New Jersey and hopes to be a voice for truck drivers struggling to make ends meet.

In the meantime, he wants Trump to start listening to the people who have been hit the hardest by his tariffs.

"The country has spoken, and he is our president, and I support him a hundred per cent. However, I think he could have handled it much better," he says.

"He should have gotten the consultation of real people who, live this industry, who know this industry."

Watch Four Corners' full investigation, Trading in Chaos, tonight from 8:30pm on ABC TV and ABC iview

Sunday, 29 June 2025

Australia’s had two more years of gambling ad harm since the Murphy report. It’s time for Labor to show some courage.

Extract from The Guardian

Opinion

Gambling


The public wants the ads banned but the government keeps bowing to pressure. Now, with its whopping majority, what’s the excuse?

Two years ago this week the Murphy report was delivered to the government, recommending the banning of gambling ads. And for two years the Albanese government has failed to act in the face of pressure from vested interests. Over those two years Australians have gambled away another $60bn.

In June 2023 Labor MP Peta Murphy said: “Australians are the biggest losers in the world when it comes to gambling. We have a culture where sport and gambling are intrinsically linked. These behaviours are causing increasingly widespread and serious harm to individuals, families and communities.”

Australians know we’re the biggest losers by a large stretch over any other nation in the world. Australians know that gambling causes mental and financial stress. Australians know that gambling losses can trigger family violence. Australians know that gambling ads are normalising gambling, for children and adults.

Australians want it to stop.

Australia Institute polling in March reconfirmed the majority view that three in four Australians support a total ban on gambling ads phased in over three years. These numbers are mirrored in surveys by the AFL Fans Association.

But the government is putting power before people.

At a public forum run by Kooyong independent Dr Monique Ryan, Curtin independent Kate Chaney and me in Melbourne on Wednesday night, John, who has experienced gambling harm, said that because of failed policy “a lot of people have seen suicide as the only option to escape the predatory behaviour of the gambling companies”.

The failure runs long and deep and crosses party lines. Murphy represented the outer Melbourne seat of Dunkley, which has more than its fair share of struggling Australians. She knew, especially after the social policy committee inquiry proved it, that online gambling and its blanket advertising was preying on their vulnerabilities.

She achieved rare multipartisan support for the report, which recommended a three-year phased gambling ad ban. That was just one of 31 recommendations, among them implementing a national strategy on harm reduction and national regulation, an ombudsman, a harm reduction levy, a public education campaign, more independent research and improved data collection.

“A phased, comprehensive ban on online gambling advertising is recommended within three years,” Murphy said. “This will give major sports and broadcasters time to find alternative advertisers and sponsors, while preventing another generation from experiencing escalating gambling harm.”

But to appease the gambling companies, broadcasters and sporting codes, both major parties have offered a halfway house, a partial ban to reduce ads per hour and keep ads out of prime-time sport. Previous similar policies have increased the number of ads in other programs including during news and family drama.

When pressed on his reticence to implement a full ban, the prime minister has repeatedly implied that gambling is part of Australian culture.

That’s disingenuous.

Firstly, this is not a debate about banning gambling, it’s about the ads that are encouraging it and causing untold harm.

Secondly, private sports betting has only been available since SportsBet was licensed in 1993. The “culture” has been built by profit-driven industries, and it can be changed by a government with courage.

Before an election, you can (perhaps) understand why a government may not want to defy powerful media companies that are embedded with sport in this country and historically have had the power to turn elections.

After, with a more than 90-seat majority, what’s the excuse?

If the issue is the profitability of the broadcasters – and I’m all for a strong media landscape – that should be addressed separately. Our communities should not be saddled with gambling problems to keep media and multinational gambling companies profitable. Nor should fans be preyed on by sporting codes that get a commission from each bet. It is immoral.

Had the government found its courage at the time, we would now be just one year off a full ad ban. Instead, they’ve failed to honour Murphy’s committee’scommonsense recommendations.

In turn, Australian communities have experienced another two years of gambling ads, normalising the link between betting and sport. During the last term of parliament, I twice tabled a private member’s bill to ban gambling advertising. South Australian MP Rebekha Sharkie also tabled legislation to address the issue. In all cases the government refused to debate it.

Now is the time.

MPs Chaney and Ryan have kicked off a new “ban gambling ads now” push this week. They have support from their communities, gambling advocates and fans. On the backbenches in both major parties there is also support for this change.

The opportunity sits with Anika Wells, the new minister for sport and communications (a vexed coupling in this context), who must respond to the Murphy report.

Peta Murphy died of breast cancer in December 2023. Her legacy must not be allowed to die with her.

Zoe Daniel is a three-time ABC foreign correspondent and former independent member for Goldstein

Saturday, 28 June 2025

The 'enduring' mystery of how birds know when Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre is filling with water.

 Extract from ABC News

Banded stilts in flight near Lake Eyre.

Massive floodwaters flowing into Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre is expected to attract hundreds of thousands of waterbirds.  (Supplied: Reece Pedler)

The most arid corner of Australia is about to burst with life, as Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre braces to reach capacity for just the fourth time in the past 160 years.

While the usually-barren salt flats rapidly fill with floodwater from south western Queensland, migratory waterbirds like seagulls, swans, ducks and pelicans will begin descending to the inland oasis in the hundreds of thousands.

So — with the lake expected to become entirely full in the coming months — how do birds know that this once-in-a-generation event is happening?

Ready, set, fly

The question is one University of New South Wales Professor Richard Kingsford has been striving to answer for the majority of his career.

A man with grey hair and a blue shirt sits in front of an outback waterhole looking at the camera.

Researching the Lake Eyre Basin has been Professor Richard Kingsford's life work. (Supplied)

He's spent the past four decades monitoring water birds through aerial surveys.

"Birds can go incredible distances," Professor Kingsford said.

"Unlike water birds in other parts of the world, that sort of regularly migrate between spring and winter — we don't see any of that.

"These birds just know that it's on in the Lake Eyre Basin and they're ready to go."

Worlds away from home

Professor Kingsford said while the majority of the waterbirds found at Kati Thunda-Lake Eyre are native to Australia, some species will travel from as far as China, Russia and Antarctica.

He said the birds will capitalise on the opportunities to breed at varying times based on the availability of vegetation, invertebrates and fish. 

"There's that huge smorgasbord of food," Professor Kingsford said. 

"It sort of triggers that cascade of different types of species coming in at different points.

"You get these wonderful sort of pulses of productivity depending on which waterbird you're talking about." 

Aerial view of trees and water in Kati-Thunda-Lake Eyre.

The floodwaters from south-west Queensland have already transformed the landscape.  (ABC News: Tom Hartley)

Professor Kingsford said — while still complex — tracking waterbirds had become somewhat easier in recent years with the arrival of satellite tracking technology. 

"These are like little backpacks that you can put on birds and they allow you to track them over a number of years,"
he said.

"And it it is one of the great mysteries for Australia is how do these birds know where the water is and head off?

"We are starting to get some ideas of how they probably do it though."

A flock of pelicans gather between the orange layers of sand and the blue of the lake.

Pelicans resting on the banks of Kati-Thanda-Lake Eyre after flooding in 2019. (ABC News: Brendan Esposito)

An 'enduring' mystery

Ecologist Reece Pedler became fascinated by the movements of waterbirds while living in the remote South Australian town of Roxby Downs for a decade. 

"I now live up in the Strzelecki Desert … so I see this stuff first-hand in my life in the outback that birds are flying around and doing these amazing things," Mr Pedler said.

"Birds can arrive really rapidly and their ecology is geared to these unpredictable events.

"But we don't know exactly how they know."

A man wearing a blue shirt stands next to a dry lake bed with a camera on a tripod

Reece Pedler studied the breeding patterns of the banded stilt using solar-powered trackers. (ABC News: Elise Fantin)

Mr Pedler, who is the coordinator of the Wild Deserts Project in Sturt National Park, previously studied the breeding behaviour of the banded stilt using solar-powered trackers as part of his PhD. 

The threatened bird species is most commonly found in Australia's saline coastal wetlands, such as the Coroong or at St Kilda Beach, north of Adelaide.

"Those banded stilts might be there for months and months on end or live there year round, " Mr Pedler said. 

"Then suddenly they disappear when places like Lake Eyre or other lakes in the Western Australian desert fill.

"They fly hundreds or sometimes thousands of kilometres in one fly and they somehow know that there's water there."
A mother and father banded stilt guide their six chicks across a desert lake salt pan.

A family of banded stilts at Lake Torrens in South Australia's remote far north. (Supplied: Tom Putt)

Once-in-a-decade opportunity

Mr Pedler said the abundance of brine shrimp at Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre creates a rare breeding-ground for the threatened species. 

"They don't breed anywhere else around the coast … so they have to wait years or decades for those opportunities," he said.

"And when they breed, they breed in real style, they have thousands of pairs.

"But the question of how they know — we didn't quite manage to crack — it still remains one of these enduring mysteries of animal behaviour."
Banded stilts lay eggs at Lake Ballard near Kalgoorlie

Mr Pedler says some banded stilts have to wait decades for breeding opportunities at inland lakes.  (Supplied: Reece Pedler)

Mr Pedler said while it was once thought the birds only flew after significant wet events, minimal rainfall was enough to trigger the stilts to leave the coast and head inland.

"There's some really complex triggers too because this water that's flowing into Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre now fell in western Queensland in the last week of March," he said.

"So the stilts and other water birds that would be turning up at Lake Eyre now are not responding to rainfall or atmospheric queues that have happened in the days prior. 

"There's potentially lots of different mechanisms occurring and it may be that some different groups of birds have different ways of sensing these things."

Thousands of whistling ducks take off from the Diamantina River.

Thousands of whistling ducks taking off from the Diamantina River in northern South Australia.  (Gary Ticehurst: ABC News)

Theories still up in the Eyre

Several theories of how birds know when Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre is filling exist, including them having the ability to detect infrasound, barometric pressure or smell the flooded salt flats on the breeze. 

"There's been theories like scouts … if pelicans send up observers to go and recce inland sites and come back and tell their mates that there's food on offer," Mr Pedler said.

"I guess there's some rationale for that because pelicans can fairly easily fly long distances, they get up to high altitude on thermals and then they can cruise and go for a look.

"It's still an open case and there's a lot more work to understand this really fascinating behaviour."

An aerial view of a flock of pelicans landing on a body of brown water.

Flooding transforms arid landscapes into rivers teeming with birdlife like pelicans. (Supplied: Wrights Air.)

Professor Kingsford said as more technology emerges and becomes cheaper, the more scientists like himself will be able to shed light on how birds are able to do what they do.

"What's most important about that is working out when are the critical times that we need to protect particular habitats in their life cycle," he said.

"I'd love to try and work out what's going on and others are too.

"Although it is rather nice not to know everything or think we know everything because this is a big mystery that's intriguing."
Pelicans standing in a row at the edge of lake.

There's a theory that coastal colonies of pelicans send out scouts to inland desert lakes. (ABC News: Michael Slezak)