Saturday, 9 November 2013

The 1890's Depression.

*THE WORKER*
Brisbane, January 5, 1895.


The Editorial Mill.

Our Motto: “Socialism in our time.”

A Happy New Year to you, reader! And at the same time that we repeat the good wish that is on everybody's lips we would ask you: Are Queenslanders as happy as they might be? Is it any easier to earn a living now in Queensland than in former year? It ought to be. The wonderful progress in all departments of industry has increased the production of wealth enormously. In this colony the production of cattle, sheep, and other commodities has been out of all proportion to the increase in population. It should be in the power of every man to say: “ I am sure of the means to bring up my family well so long as I am prepared to work,” but it isn't. Parents are at their wits' end to know what to do with their sons and daughters, what trade to teach them with a fair prospect of employment after completing their indentures. Would they make their boys farmers, they find the agriculturist merely a land slave. Would they make them carpenters, they find carpenters working for a few shillings a day and glad to get that. The building trades are all over stocked. The clerking and shop assistant trades are overrun with men desiring employment. Would they make their girls dressmakers, that business is overdone. Tailoresses? They are poorly paid and overworked. The boot trade? Girls working for a wretched pittance. In despair they decided to send them to service, and then discover the rate of wages is sometimes as low as half-a-crown a week. Business every where is bad. The depression covers everything and everybody with its fearful blight. This is a state of affairs which should not be, and the WORKER trusts that one of the first of the new good resolutions that its readers will make will be a determination to endeavour to alter the laws which are responsible for the depression.

* * *

The New South Wales Government has resolved to establish a new department of Labour and Industry with Mr. Jacob Garrard as the Ministerial head. Thus by slow degrees the various governments find themselves compelled by the new public opinion to take notice of the unemployed question, the question of all questions in these days of rapid descharge through labour-saving inventions and commercial crises. Some day Queensland will have its department of labour and industry – not during the reign of the present Government, but as soon as Queenslanders follow the example of New South wales and cast from office the men who burke the unemployed question, through fear that there will come a time in the colony's history when every man will have employmeny, wages will rise, and profits will have a tendency to diminish. The settlement of the unemployed question cannot safely be put off much longer in Australia, and the decision of the Newcastle miners to mass the unemplyed in Sydney shows that the recognition of the necessity of a labour department has not struck the New South Wales Government a moment too soon. The Coolgardies and the Wyalongs do not increase and multiply, but the out-of-work does, and his presence will soon become as grave a menace as the alien trouble. The men who oppose the State right to employment must read very little of the doings of statement in other countries, otherwise they would not dread handling the matter so much as they do. It has been shown in other places where labour colonies have been established there need be no anxiety as to a large expenditure. To attempt to find work for the unemployed need not cost the community anything like the expense now incurred each year in the distribution of relief. The colony has broad acres of unalienated land, a small portion of which is required to established labour colonies where an unemployed man or woman may apply for work as a right. Efficient managers could be appointed with instructions to make the colonies as far as possible self-supporting. St. Paul's splendid maxim “If a man will not work neither shall he eat” might be put into operation. The country would be relieved of a tribe of wanderers whose existence is a disgrace to the community, and before long we should have labour settlements similar to that of Frederiksoord, in Holland, which is a paradise in the middle of a wilderness, “a land laden with roses and violets, a contented industrious peasantry; a long succession of compact, fruitful farms, good roads, shaded by trees, and excellent schools for the education of the young – a veritable promised land,” as one writer puts it. This would be a common-sense method of dealing with the unemployed difficulty, and one which it is to be hoped will be followed by the new department in New South Wales.

* * *

A contemporary declares that the WORKER is opposed to true liberty. This is quite a mistake, as a brief glance at the Labour platform will prove. It is true we hold aloft the ideal “Socialism in our time.” Everybody has, or should have, an ideal, however unable to act up to it. We can observe the immense possibilities ahead of co-operation, and we advise the nation to try to put it into complete practice. No person of sound mind would try to at once turn the community into a nation sharing all things in common, and we have no intention of undertaking such an impossible task. Our idea is to get the nation through the Parliament to understake gradually and at the same time as rapidly as practicable all that work which can be better performed by the municipal council or government department than by private enterprise. This would be only carrying out the objects of “the State” - simply obeying the laws of progress. Few of the opponents of Socialism or State co-operation have any idea of the extent to which the State has already interfered with the liberty of the individual. Health Acts, Factory Acts, Employers Liability Acts! In many ways the State has seen fit to curtail the liberty of the individual for the good of mankind. At one time in our history everything was left to private enterprise. As one writer says; “Even the administration of justice was a private matter. If a man were wronged, he tried to secure justice for himself, not by appealing to the community, but by using his own strength or that of his nearest relatives. And one of the marks of civilisation is the degree in which private enterprise has been superseded by public justice. So with the maintenance of roads. In early days the State constructed a few roads, but only for military purposes. It was left for private enterprise to keep in order the mercantile thoroughfares, and a wretched attempt they made at it.” Liberty has to this extent been interfered with, but surely every person must admit that although there has been a curtailment of individual liberty there has been an extension of the truest liberty to the whole of the community.

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