Extract from ABC News
US President Joe Biden has pledged to slash US greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2030, amid an American-brokered Earth Day summit featuring leaders from 40 countries across the globe.
Key points:
- The world has agreed to keep emissions from rising by more than 1.5 degrees Celsius by the year 2100
- To achieve that, many of the world's biggest polluters need to drastically cut emissions
- Mr Biden's announcement has sought to re-establish US leadership on climate action
The United States, the world's second-leading emitter after China, seeks to reclaim global leadership in the fight against global warming after former president Donald Trump diminished US credibility in this policy area throughout his term.
The IPCC, the UN's climate science panel, has calculated the global 2030 and 2050 emissions reduction targets need to give the world a "high likelihood" of keeping the Earth from warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by 2100.
If temperatures rise between 1.5C and 2C of warming, the IPCC predicts that coral reefs will decline from 70-90 per cent to more than 99 per cent.
Sea level rise will displace a further 10 million people by the end of the century at 2C compared with 1.5C, and animal extinctions — as well as heat related mortality in people — will be far greater at 2C.
Scott Morrison's opening remarks not heard
Mr Biden was joined by political leaders including China's Xi Jinping, Russia's Vladimir Putin, and New Zealand's Jacinda Ardern. Other leaders including Pope Francis and Microsoft founder Bill Gates, are also due to speak.
Prime Minister Scott Morrison also made an appearance, but suffered a temporary setback after he could not be heard at the beginning of his address — something that was only corrected after the intervention of US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken.
Mr Morrison did not make any new pledges, and said Australia was "on the pathway" to net-zero emissions through new technologies.
Unlike other countries, Australia has not set a concrete deadline to achieve net-zero emissions, which has fuelled long-standing perceptions from abroad that the country has been a laggard on climate change action.
At the summit, French President Emmanuel Macron said the world couldn't afford to dawdle.
"There is only one goal for the coming weeks and months: to move more quickly," Mr Macron said.
"We need to move more quickly to implement the commitments for 2030. A plan of action that is clear, measurable and verifiable.
Mr Macron's sense of urgency was heeded by two other countries at the summit: Canada and Japan.
Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga raised Japan's target for cutting emissions to 46 per cent by 2030, up from 26 per cent.
Environmentalists wanted a pledge of at least 50 per cent while Japan's powerful business lobby has pushed for national policies that favour coal.
Meanwhile, Canada's Prime Minster Justin Trudeau raised his country's goal to a cut of 40-to-45 per cent by 2030 below 2005 levels, up from 30 per cent.
'The US is back'
The Biden Administration has come under heavy pressure from environmental groups, some corporate leaders, the UN secretary general and foreign governments to set a target to cut emissions by at least 50 per cent this decade to encourage other countries to set their own ambitious emissions goals.
The US climate goal also marks an important milestone in Mr Biden's broader plan to decarbonise the US economy entirely by 2050 — an agenda he says can create millions of good-paying jobs but which many Republicans say they fear will damage the economy.
Mr Biden's recently introduced $US2.3 trillion infrastructure plan ($2.98 trillion) contains numerous measures that could deliver some of the emissions cuts needed this decade, including a clean energy standard to achieve net zero emissions in the power sector by 2035 and moves to electrify the US Federal Government's vehicle fleet.
The US emissions cuts are expected to come from power plants, vehicles, and other sectors across the economy, but the White House did not set individual targets for those industries.
The target nearly doubles former President Barack Obama's pledge of an emissions cut of 26-to-28 per cent below 2005 levels by 2025. Sector-specific goals will be laid out later this year.
The American Petroleum Institute, a large US oil and gas lobbying group, cautiously welcomed Mr Biden's pledge but said it must come with policies including a price on carbon, which is a tough sell among some politicians.
A Biden Administration official said with the new US target, enhanced commitments from Japan and Canada, and prior targets from the European Union and Britain, countries accounting for more than half the world's economy were now committed to reductions to keep global temperatures from rising above 1.5 degrees.
"When we close this summit on Friday, we will unmistakably communicate … the US is back," he said.
ABC/Wires
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