Friday, 9 September 2022

Queen Elizabeth II dies aged 96, Buckingham Palace announces, Charles becomes King.

Extract from ABC News 

Queen Elizabeth II dies aged 96, Buckingham Palace announces, Charles becomes King.

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The Queen, wearing a crown and with a pensive expression, looks out of a horse-drawn carriage
Queen Elizabeth II wore the crown for more than 70 years.(Reuters: Suzanne Plunkett)

Queen Elizabeth II has died at the age of 96, Buckingham Palace has announced.

Her eldest son, Charles, is now King.

Buckingham Palace released a statement just after 6:30pm, local time, on Thursday, confirming her death.

"The Queen died peacefully at Balmoral this afternoon," it read.

"The King and The Queen Consort will remain at Balmoral this evening and will return to London tomorrow."

Charles, who will be known as King Charles III, issued a statement saying the death of his "beloved mother" was a "moment of the greatest sadness for me and all members of my family".

"We mourn profoundly the passing of a cherished Sovereign and a much-loved Mother," he said.

"I know her loss will be deeply felt throughout the country, the Realms and the Commonwealth, and by countless people around the world.

"During this period of mourning and change, my family and I will be comforted and sustained by our knowledge of the respect and deep affection in which The Queen was so widely held."

Britain's Prime Minister Liz Truss, who the Queen appointed to the role on Tuesday, said the former monarch was "the rock on which modern Britain was built".

"Our country has grown and flourished under her reign," Ms Truss said.

Queen Elizabeth II meets Liz Truss. The Queen is using a walking cane.
On Tuesday, Queen Elizabeth II met with Liz Truss to appoint her as Britain's 56th Prime Minister.(PA: The Royal Family/Jane Barlow)

"Britain is the great country it is today because of her."

The Queen's body is expected to be taken from her estate at Balmoral, in north-east Scotland, to Edinburgh on Friday morning local time.

Ceremonies will be carried out in the Scottish capital before the Queen's remains begin the journey south to London.

Her body is then expected to be taken to Buckingham Palace's throne room before lying in state for four days in Westminster Hall.

The UK is expected to declare a period of national mourning ahead of the Queen's funeral, which protocol says will be held at Westminster Abbey in London.

Queen, Charles, Camilla, William, Kate in Westminster Abbey
The Queen's son Charles (second left) is now King. Prince William (second right) is next in line.(Reuters: Phil Harris/Pool)

The Accession Council is expected to gather in the coming hours to proclaim Charles as the new sovereign.

That proclamation will be read out from a balcony at St James's Palace, as well as key locations across the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth.

King Charles will attend accession ceremonies in Scotland and Wales before returning to London to pay his final respects to his mother.

Health problems marked Queen's final years

The Queen reigned for more than 70 years, coming to the throne on the death of her father George VI in 1952.

She suffered a series of health issues in the years before her death, testing positive for COVID-19 in February 2022 and being forced to miss Platinum Jubilee events in June of that year because of what Buckingham Palace said were mobility issues.

Increasingly, she was forced to hand over public duties to younger members of the family, including Charles and his son Prince William, who is now next in line to the throne.

She also grieved for her husband Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, who died at the age of 99 in April 2021.

The couple spent much of his final year in isolation together at Windsor Castle amid the COVID pandemic.

Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip smile as they read an anniversary card on a sofa
The Queen and Prince Philip were married for 73 years before his death in April 2021.(AP: Chris Jackson)

Queen Elizabeth II is expected to be buried at King George VI Memorial Chapel in St George's Chapel in Windsor.

She is survived by her son, the new King Charles, as well as her daughter, Princess Anne, and younger sons, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward.

Philip's body will be moved from Windsor's Royal Vault to the Chapel so they can lie beside each other.

The Elizabethan era

The royal family was racked by controversies in the Queen's final years.

The Queen's grandson, Prince Harry, and his wife, Meghan, stood back from royal duties, moved to Los Angeles and accused the family of racism in an interview with US TV host Oprah Winfrey.

There was also trouble closer to home, with the Queen's son, Prince Andrew, stripped of his royal duties and military appointments as he faced sexual abuse allegations in the US, which he denied.

However, for most of her seven-decade reign, the Queen was seen as a beacon of consistency and endurance in the face of unprecedented political and societal changes.

Born on April 21, 1926, Elizabeth was the eldest daughter of Prince Albert, the Duke of York, and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.

The pair had anticipated their lives, and the lives of Elizabeth and their youngest daughter, Margaret, would be comparatively quiet as they served in the shadow of Albert's older brother, Edward, who became King in 1936.

However, when Edward VIII unexpectedly abdicated later that year to marry American divorcee Wallis Simpson, the notoriously shy Albert was thrust into the spotlight as King George VI.

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth with Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret and some canine companions including Dookie and Jane.
Princesses Elizabeth, centre, with her parents and sister Margaret at Windsor in 1936.(Facebook: The Royal Family)

The disruption to the monarchy would be formative for Elizabeth, who would learn, at age 10, that she was heir to the throne and that, in her mother's words, "the Crown must be above all controversy".

Elizabeth's adolescence was spent training to be the future sovereign.

On September 13, 1940, the Germans bombed part of Buckingham Palace while the King, his wife and children were inside. 

The then-queen refused to evacuate her daughters to Canada, unlike many wealthy British families, although they were sent to Windsor Castle outside London.

A month later, Princess Elizabeth made her first public speech, with a radio address to children of the Commonwealth.

After World War II, she married Philip of Greece (who became Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh) at Westminster Abbey on November 20, 1947.

Charles, Philip, Anne and Elizabeth
A young Charles and Anne with Prince Philip and then-Princess Elizabeth in 1951.(AFP)

The couple's first son and heir to the throne, Charles, was born on November 14, 1948. Their second child and only daughter, Anne, was born less than two years later.

Meanwhile, Elizabeth took on extra royal duties as her father suffered serious health problems as a consequence of a long-term smoking habit.

Just months after George had a tumorous lung removed in September 1951, Elizabeth and Philip took off on a long-planned tour of Commonwealth countries.

Against medical advice, the King farewelled his 25-year-old daughter at the airport on the day of her departure.

Six days later, while in Kenya, Elizabeth was told that her father had died in his sleep, aged 56.

She acceded to the throne on February 6, 1952 and chose to keep her given name to become Queen Elizabeth II — the first woman to rule Britain since Queen Victoria died in 1901.

A black and white photograph of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip waving from a balcony.
Queen Elizabeth II and her husband Prince Philip wave from the balcony after her coronation on June 2, 1953.(Facebook: The Royal Family)

Her coronation at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953 was broadcast live on television and watched by an estimated three-quarters of the UK's population.

During her reign, she would meet almost weekly with more than a dozen different British prime ministers — a role exclusively held by men until 1979, when Margaret Thatcher took office.

Queen Elizabeth II and Margaret Thatcher face each other in a room full of men.
The Queen and British prime minister Margaret Thatcher with US president Ronald Reagan in 1984.(AFP: Dominique Faget)

What was said in those meetings was rarely publicised, as it is the sovereign's role as head of state to remain politically neutral.

It was a responsibility Elizabeth embodied for the entirety of her reign.

Publicly, she remained apolitical and reserved, refusing to comment even when her government drew fierce criticism for its actions.

But it was her own family's controversies that would prove to be the biggest threat to the Queen's crown.

Queen Elizabeth II smiles as she wears a teal jacket and hat.
Queen Elizabeth II's reign spanned two centuries.(Reuters: Jane Barlow/pool)

Turmoil in the House of Windsor

Prince Charles's turbulent marriage to Diana Spencer brought the monarchy to its knees and precipitated the worst crisis since the abdication furore half a century earlier.

Diana's infamous 1995 Panorama interview (which BBC journalist Martin Bashir enticed her to do using fake documents) included confirmation that Charles had an extramarital affair with Camilla Parker Bowles.

The Queen was heavily criticised for her initial inaction and seeming lack of compassion when Diana died two years later in a car crash in Paris while being chased by paparazzi.

Eventually, she bowed to public pressure, visiting the floral tribute to Diana outside Buckingham Palace and comforting a mourner.

Decades later, she faced controversy again as Diana's son, Prince Harry, made his messy exit from the royal family.

Queen and Prince Philip with floral tributes for Diana, Princess of Wales.
The Queen and Prince Philip view floral tributes to Diana outside Buckingham Palace.(Reuters: Ian Waldie)

Despite the turmoil, the Queen's stoic image contributed to her reputation as a stable leader, as did her relentless commitment to the job, even into old age.

She ruled for longer than any other monarch in British history, and visited nearly every Commonwealth country (with the exception of relatively recent members Cameroon and Rwanda).

Australia was one of her first and final destinations as part of her extensive royal tours.

Her debut foreign tour as Queen included a two-month stint in Australia in 1954, making her the first reigning monarch to visit the country.

She would return to Australia 15 more times. Her final visit was in October 2011 for a Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.

Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh are greeted by two koalas during a trip to Brisbane.
The Queen in Brisbane during her final visit to Australia in October 2011.(AAP: Lyndon Mechielsen)

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