Friday, 7 December 2018

James Hansen - Climate Change in a Nutshell: The Gathering Storm

06 December 2018

James Hansen
Young people today confront an imminent gathering storm.  They have at their command considerable determination, a dog-eared copy of our beleaguered Constitution, and rigorously developed science.  The Court must decide if that is enough.
That is the final paragraph of my (thick) Expert Report written more than a year ago for Juliana v. United States.  We are fortunate to have such a brilliant and dedicated group of attorneys who have assembled a score of Experts and are working to ensure that young people receive their day in court.

In the meantime, there are reasons why it may be useful to summarize the climate science story.

Albert Einstein once said that a theory or explanation should be as simple as possible, but not simpler.   And it depends on who the audience is.  My target is the level of a Chief Justice or a fossil fuel industry CEO.

This is a draft, because I want to be sure that there are no inconsistencies in my testimonies against the government, against the fossil fuel industry, and in support of brave people who have taken risks in fighting for young people.  So I am seeking suggestions for how to make this science story clearer.

I should say something here about end-game strategy.  We probably are getting close to the next opportunity for real progress.  We blew the last opportunity, when Barack Obama was elected.  It was not his fault.  We had not really made the whole climate/energy/economics story clear enough.

Despite the sour turn toward increased global authoritarianism, the heart-warming sight of marching Australian children, defying their Prime Minister’s instruction to stay in school, suggests that it may not be long until we have a chance at another day of reckoning.  This time we must be clearer about what young people and other life on our planet need to assure their future.  And thoughtful people at high government and industry levels must understand.

History of this understanding is not well reported, as I discuss in Sophie’s Planeta. Already in 1982, E.E. David, President of Exxon Research & Engineering, in his keynote at the Ewing Symposiumb, presciently characterized the climate story: “faith in technologies, markets, and correcting feedback mechanisms is less than
satisfying for a situation such as the one you are studying at this year’s Ewing Symposium. The critical problem is that the environmental impacts of the CO2 buildup may be so long delayed. A look at the theory of feedback systems shows that where there is such a long delay the system breaks down unless there is anticipation built into the loop. The question then becomes how to anticipate the future far enough in advance to prepare for it.”

David recognized the delayed response of the climate system, which is the critical factor that gives rise to intergenerational inequities.  He concluded that this delayed response demands anticipation to avoid system breakdown, where, in the climate case, system breakdown would be catastrophic climate change for today’s young people and future generations. David’s conclusion began “To sum up, the world’s best hope for inventing an acceptable energy transition is one that favors multiple technical approaches subject to correction - - feedback from markets, societies, and politics, and scientific feedback about external costs to health and the environment.”

aA slightly revised draft of the Preface of Sophie’s Planet is available herebavailable here.

Response of the U.S. government and the fossil fuel industry was not policy that would move the energy industry gradually and efficiently toward clean carbon-free energy.  Instead they chose very expensive investment in developing technologies such as hydraulic fracturing “fracking,” an energy-, chemical-, water-, and resource-intensive process that allows extraction of more and more fossil fuels.  E.E. David became a climate change denier.  Government and industry concurred in this approach.

In assessing this failure of early government policy in Sophie’s Planet I suggest that we, the scientific community, bear much of the responsibility.  I disagree with the assessment in the dedicated issue on the New York Times last summer, that the greater public was the villain.  I argue that President George H.W. Bush, in supporting the 1992 Rio Framework Convention on Climate Change, did what was appropriate at that time.

The failure has been not to advance policy in the subsequent 26 years.  When I gave a talk to executives of an oil company that adorned its web site with windmills and solar panels, I learned that they actually had almost no investment in carbon-free energy, it was more a PR strategy.  They could take advantage of the clout of “Big Green” environmental organizations, while not really getting serious about carbon-free energy.
That is the background, about why I believe there is value in trying to make the climate story as clear as possible to an industry CEO as well as a Chief Justice.  There will be lawsuits against the fossil fuel industry, which may help bring them to their senses.  However, I am not so much interested in ‘reparations’, the idea that we can extract a lot of money from the industry for its past sins.  That potential pales in comparison to getting their cooperation on moving as rapidly as practical toward clean carbon-free energy of the future.

Therefore, I am interested in any suggestions for improving the clarity of ‘Climate Change in a Nutshell’.  I believe there is a good chance that the relevant CEOs have a heart, and they must be pretty smart or they would not have made it to the position they are in.

Well, o.k., we all know an exception or two, but this is no time for levity.
 
Read "Climate Change in a Nutshell"
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Dr. James E. Hansen
Director | Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions
Earth Institute | Columbia University
475 Riverside Dr. Suite 520E, New York, NY 10115

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