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MAHATMA GANDHI ~ Truth never damages a cause that is just.
Tuesday, 27 March 2018
The great tax swindle: how concessions and exemptions benefit the wealthiest
‘It is highly unlikely that the current GST exemption for fresh food
would be changed but the blanket ban on GST debate means exemptions that
benefit the wealthy also go unquestioned.’
Photograph: Dave and Les Jacobs/Getty Images/Blend Images
A
report by Anglicare has found that eight of the largest tax concessions
and exemptions cost just over $135bn a year in revenue foregone, and all
disproportionately benefit high income and high wealth households.
Anglicare’s report, The Cost of Privilege,
uses research undertaken by Per Capita to highlight that some $68.5bn
worth of taxation concessions and exemption goes to the wealthiest 20%
of Australian households – more than the $68.1bn annual cost of the
disability support pension (DSP) and assistance to families and
children.
Each year the treasury department releases a statement on the costs
of various taxation exemptions and concessions. But the Anglicare report
goes further by breaking down who benefits.
The report looked at superannuation tax concessions, negative
gearing, capital gains tax concessions, the use of discretionary trusts,
the exemption from the GST of private health insurance and education,
and the exemption from capital gains tax of residence.
It found that $68,55bn each year goes to the wealthiest 20% of
households, compared with $6.1bn that goes to the the poorest 20%:
Moreover, the report argues that “in combination, these measures
impose a cost on the federal budget that easily outstrips that of any
single welfare recipient group”.
For example the cost of Newstart this year is just under $11bn,
whereas the benefit of the concessional treatment of superannuation
entity earnings and of employer superannuation contributions to the
wealthiest 20% of households is equal to $20.8bn.
The report provides a number of family household case studies to
demonstrate the difference in the cost of welfare compared with taxation
exemptions and concessions.
One family with two children renting in outer Sydney for $400 per
week, with one adult working part-time at 25 hours per week at the
minimum wage, the other on the DSP, would receive a total of $35,934 a
year from DSP, rental assistance, family tax benefit and the GST
education exemption.
This is contrasted with a family with the main income earner on a
$230,000 salary, with the other working part-time earning $60,000 and
both salary sacrificing super up to the $25,000 concessional cap. This
family owns their home outright in Melbourne and has one negatively
geared investment property. They have private health insurance and both
children attend private schooling.
This second family is the beneficiary of $71,705 a year in taxation concessions and exemptions: While the sum of the first family is routinely represented as a
handout for which they should be grateful (and for which they are
subject to constant tests and insinuations of rorting), the second
household is often portrayed as being self-sufficient and not a burden
on the public purse.
The breakdown of the various tax concessions and exemptions shows
just how weighted they are towards the wealthiest. The smallest share of
the total benefit received by the wealthiest 20% of households is the
35% share it receives of the private health insurance GST exemption: The inclusion of the benefits received by the wealthy from GST
concession is somewhat counter-intuitive given consumption taxes are
usually regressive – hitting the poorest hardest. And while that is true
overall, the exemptions that were granted on education have actually
ended up favouring the wealthy.
As I have noted previously,
putting the GST on education would actually make it more progressive.
This is because the wealthiest households are more likely to spend more
of their money on education such as private schooling than do poorer
households: The same is the case for medical spending, which is also exempt from
GST. While poorer households spend the relatively same or slightly more
of their income on health expenses as do the wealthiest households, this
is mostly due to poorer households also heavily skewed with older
families.
However, wealthier households spend significantly more on private
health insurance than do the poorer households, and that spending is
GST-free: Anglicare’s report estimates that 35% of the total of the GST
concession on education goes to the wealthiest 20% of households and 38%
of the value of the GST exemption for private health insurance: By contrast the poorest 40% of households receive just 20% of the total benefit of those concessions.
That is the cost of political parties of various stripes
ruling out any discussion of the GST – it is highly unlikely that the
current exemption for fresh food would be changed but the blanket ban on
GST debate means exemptions that benefit the wealthy also go
unquestioned.
The biggest taxation exemption covered in the report, the capital
gains tax exemption on the family home, is quite possibly the least
likely policy ever to be changed. Despite the $74bn foregone in revenue
each year, it would be an extremely brave political party to go to an
election promising to tax the family home.
But even excluding that amount, there remain large sums on the table,
$61.4bn each year – equivalent to 90% of the amount spent each year on
disability support pension and assistance to families and children.
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