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Warm water events have taken their toll on Tasmania's kelp forests. (Mick Baron: Eaglehawk Dive Centre)
The Tasman Sea experienced a "marine heatwave" over
summer that pushed the surface temperature to a record high, climate
scientists say.
Following a particularly hot summer on both sides
of the Tasman and in between, the Bureau of Meteorology and New
Zealand's National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research teamed up
to release a "special climate statement".New Zealand's summer was the hottest ever recorded, while Tasmania had its hottest November-January on record.
"Tasmania had its warmest November on record and its second-warmest December and second-warmest January," senior BOM climatologist Dr Blair Trewin said.
"In New Zealand, they had their hottest summer on record and January was their hottest month on record, so it was exceptionally warm on both sides of the Tasman."
Dr Trewin said the water surface temperature in the southern Tasman Sea was also exceptionally high.
"They were more than two degrees above average in December and part of January," he said.
"And for the November to January period, they were easily the highest on record — 0.6 of a degree on any other year."
Dr Trewin said the record temperatures were caused by a "very persistent" belt of high pressure from Tasmania to New Zealand in November last year that remained stationary for three weeks.
"That allowed the ocean waters to heat up under very constant sunshine without being disturbed," he said.
"Ocean waters take a long time to warm up or cool down, so they stayed persistently warm right through until the end of January before coming back a bit closer to average in February," Dr Trewin said.
Tasmania's waters have experienced a number of marine heatwaves in recent years, taking its toll on abalone stocks and kelp forests.
Urge to document 'major climate event'
The collaboration was a first between the two organisations, who said the purpose of the report was to "document major events and act as a historical record"."Sea surface temperatures in the southern Tasman Sea rose to exceptionally high levels in late 2017 and early 2018," the report begins.
"These temperatures were far above any others previously observed at that time of year in the region, and extended west from New Zealand to Tasmania and mainland southeast Australia."Dr Trewin said scientists had identified a long-term warming trend in the world's oceans.
"You're seeing these extremes emerge in different places in individual years but when you look at the overall number of significant marine heatwaves, it's only going in one direction and that's upwards," he said.
Alarm over extreme weather events
Acting Climate Council CEO Dr Martin Rice said the weather patterns were alarming."For Australia to tackle climate change and curb current extreme weather trends, we need to quickly and deeply cut our greenhouse gas pollution by continuing our transition to clean, affordable and reliable renewable energy and storage technologies," he said."Worsening climate change, driven by the burning of coal, oil and gas, is causing temperatures to rise at unprecedented rates and is making extreme weather events across Australia and elsewhere more intense, damaging and costly.
"As 2018 gets underway, we've already seen the country hit with a series of extreme weather events, including tropical cyclones, severe heatwaves, intense rainfall and bushfires."
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